Category: Formats and access
GeoTIFF
GeoTIFF is a raster image format that embeds georeferencing metadata so pixels map to real-world coordinates.
Also known as: tif, tiff
Expanded definition
GeoTIFF is a common format for satellite imagery and other rasters. It stores pixel values plus metadata describing the coordinate system, pixel size, and spatial extent.
GeoTIFF is popular because it is widely supported across GIS tools, cloud platforms, and scientific libraries. It can store multiple bands, nodata values, and compression.
When using GeoTIFFs operationally, it is important to verify CRS, scale factors, and data type. Two GeoTIFFs can look identical on a map and still differ in how values should be interpreted.
Related terms
COG (Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF)
A COG is a GeoTIFF organized for fast partial reads over HTTP, enabling streaming access without downloading the full file.
Raster
A raster is a grid of pixels where each pixel stores a value, commonly used for satellite imagery and elevation models.
CRS (Coordinate Reference System)
A CRS defines how coordinates map to locations on Earth, including the projection and datum.
NoData
NoData is a special value that means a pixel has no valid measurement, for example due to clouds or missing coverage.